What is Influenza?

Influenza is an infectious disease that affects the respiratory system. It is commonly found during the rainy season (June to October) and the cold season (January to March) every year. The symptoms of the disease range from mild to severe, and it can be fatal.

How is Influenza different from the common cold?

It is caused by different types of viruses and varies in severity. Influenza is caused by the influenza virus, while the common cold can be caused by various viruses such as rhinovirus and adenovirus. Influenza typically has more severe symptoms than the common cold and can lead to serious complications.

How many strains of Influenza are there in humans?

There are three strains of influenza in humans: A, B, and C. However, only strains A and B commonly cause outbreaks. Influenza A viruses are further divided into several subtypes, with H1N1 and H3N2 being the most prevalent. Influenza B viruses are divided into two lineages: Victoria and Yamagata. In general, influenza B viruses cause milder symptoms compared to influenza A viruses.

How is Influenza transmitted?

Influenza is transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing of infected individuals. The virus can be present in mucus, nasal secretions, and saliva. Symptoms usually appear 1-4 days after exposure to the virus.

What are the symptoms of Influenza?

Symptoms vary depending on age. In older children and adolescents, symptoms include sudden high fever, chills, body aches, especially in the back, arms, and legs, runny or stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, and loss of appetite. In young children, there may be high fever accompanied by other symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and seizures.

Who is at risk of developing severe symptoms from Influenza?

1. Avoid close contact with individuals who have symptoms of influenza. If necessary, wear a face mask when in close contact.

2. Avoid crowded places and poorly ventilated areas for prolonged periods, if possible.

3. Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

4. Avoid sharing personal items such as drinking glasses, straws, spoons, handkerchiefs, towels, and clothing.

5. Receive an annual influenza vaccination, especially for individuals at risk.

Why is an annual influenza vaccination necessary?

The influenza virus that circulates changes continuously, requiring adjustments to the vaccine each year. Additionally, because the disease’s incubation period is short, adequate immunity is necessary to prepare for prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to receive the influenza vaccine annually. Currently, the Department of Disease Control (DDC) invites individuals at risk to receive free influenza vaccinations to prevent the spread of influenza and cover the strains circulating according to World Health Organization recommendations.

by : Thai Health Promotion Foundation